Environment, Health and Population ( short answer type questions)

Q. Define demography.
è It is the mathematical, statistical and scientific study of population. ‘Demo’ refers to people and ‘graphy’ refers to study.

Q. Define population.

è It denotes the total number of children, youth, adult and old people residing in particular place, village, town, district area or a country within specified time.

Q. Which day is known as ‘The day of Six billion’?

è October 12 is known as ‘The day of Six billion’.

Q. Which day is celebrated as ‘World Population Day’?

è July 11 is celebrated as ‘World Population Day’.

Q. Define size of Population.

è Size of Population denotes the total number of people in a place. Population is dynamic in nature i.e. it doesn’t remains same.

Q. When was the first census held in Nepal?

è The first census was held in Nepal in 1968 B.S. (1911 A.D.).

Q. The population was in decreasing trend from 1911 to 1930. Why?

è The reason behind it was unscientific census counting, famine (scarcity of food), worldwide epidemic influenza, heavy casualty suffered by Nepalese Army in World War I.

Q. Population was in increasing trend from 1941 to 1954. Why?

è Main cause of the increase was that the census was undertaken later (11/13 years ) in a scientific census , returning of army from Second World War and immigration after the restoration of democracy in Nepal.

Q. Write about the population distribution:

è The distribution of population on the basis of administrative divisions, ecological regions, etc is known as population distribution.

            Population distribution of our country is uneven due to the regional disparity and the difference the geographical structure of our country. The development of a place determines the population of that place, the place with better development, fertile land, employment opportunities and infrastructures are densely populated in comparison to other areas.

           

a.      Population distribution by ecological region :

The distribution of population on the basis of ecological region is known as population distribution by ecological region.

The Himalayan region of our country is backward in the process of development due to the geographical difficulty. The soil posses very minimum fertility, no employment opportunities are available, infrastructures are not available. So, the population is very minimum.

 But in the hilly region, the population is slightly higher than that of Himalayan region due to the availability of cultivable land, employment, infrastructures etc.

The Terai is densely populated due to its development activities. It posses all the infrastructures, fertile land, employment etc. which attracts the people from the other ecological regions of the country. So, people migrate to Terai.

           

b.      Population distribution by development region :

The population distribution by development region of Nepal is uneven. The central development region is densely populated in comparison to other development region. The Far western development region has the lowest population; it is because of geographic remoteness, lack of land, lack of rain, lack of means of transport, communication, development of industries etc.

Q. Define population density.

è Population density denotes to the total number of people living in per square kilometer of land in a place or a country.

            Population density of a place depends on the following factors :

Geographical factors	Socio-economic factors
Land topography Vegetation Climate Soil	Industries Trade Transport Communication Health Education security

Q. Describe Population composition.

è Distribution of population according to demographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status) and socio-economic characteristics (caste, religion, language, occupation, education, etc.) is called composition of population. In other words, population composition denotes how the population of a place or country has composed of.

            The study of population composition helps to infer the role of population in the development of the country. In this way, composition of population directly affects the various aspects of the development of the country.

            Classification of Population composition :

i.                    Population composition by age

ii.                  Population composition by sex

iii.                Population composition by caste / ethnicity

iv.                Population composition by religion

v.                  Population composition by mother-tongue

vi.                Population composition by occupation

Composition	Definition	Importance
Population composition by age	It denotes the structure of population of a place or country by the age.	Categorize the population as school-going, working age, old-dependent, child –dependent population The population can be studied on the basis of various age groups.
Population composition by sex	Population classified by sex is called population composition.	This type of composition is important to calculate the sex ratio. Sex ratio shows the number of male per 1000 female.
Population composition by caste/ethnicity	Population classified by caste or ethnic groups is called population composition by caste.	It helps in the determination of population of people of different caste.
Population composition by religion	It is the composition of population by religion.	It shows helps us to know the number of people following a particular religion in a particular place.
Population composition by Occupation(IMP)	It denotes the involvement of number of people into various occupations. In other words it shows what the economic activities in which people are involved are.	It shows the symptoms of economic progress in Nepal.  It helps to develop the nation with the betterment of people.

Q. Define active and dependent population.

è The population of the age group from 15-59 who are economically active, able to generate income and don’t depend on others for their living are known as active population.

            The population of the age group from 0-14 and 60 and above who are economically inactive and depend others for living is known as dependent population.

Q. What are the sources of population data.

è Population data denote the index which gives the various in formations of population like birth, death, migration, age, sex, marital status, religion, literacy, language, occupation etc.

            They are classified into 2 groups:

a.      Primary Sources

b.      Secondary sources

1. Primary sources :

The data related to population which are collected by census, vital registration, sample survey, administrative records, population register etc. are primary sources

2. Secondary sources :

The data of population which are found from person, organization, agencies, books, journals, magazines, annual reports, research reports etc. are secondary sources.

Q. Define Census and its types.

è A population census is the total process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing and publishing demographic, economic and social data of a place at a specified time.

            There are two methods of census.

            1. De facto method :                         2. De jure method :

De facto method	De jure method
1. It is the method of census which is conducted on the basis of usual place of residence. In other words, people are counted in place where they are found.	1. It is the method of census which can be conducted on the basis of permanent place of residence.
2. The government declares a fixed date as ‘census day’ and all the people are pre-informed of counting. This type of census is conducted at night.	2. The period is generally taken for 2-3 weeks.
3. It is known as ‘One night enumeration’.	3. It is known as period enumeration.
4. It is quite unscientific.	4. It is practicable and scientific method of counting.

Q. Define vital registration system. When was it introduced? Write with examples.

è The system of recording the vital events that occurs in our life such as birth, death, migration, divorce etc. is known as vital registration system. It was introduced in 16^th Century for the first time. It started in Nepal in 2019 B.S (not in all districts).Gradually, it spread throughout the country as shown in the table below:

Year(B.S)	No. of districts
2019	Vital registration system started in Nepal.
2033	Registrars Office was established. Under Ministry of Home and Panchayat.
1st Baisakh ,2034	10 districts
2035	17 districts
2037	34 districts
2038	38 districts
2047	75 districts

Q. Define Sample Survey. What are the importance and limitations of Sample survey?

è The determination of the population of a particular place on the basis of the population taken in a small part of that area is known as sample survey.

 For example, for the determination of the population of Dharan, the population of the ward no. 1 is taken and the population of whole city is determined on that basis.

            The importance and limitations of sample survey are shown in the table below:

Importance	Limitations
1. In-depth study 2. More qualitative 3. Provides current data 4. Less cost, manpower and time needed 5. Fulfils inter-censal data gap 6. Essential for the projects before running	1. Highly skilled manpower which is not always possible 2. Sampling error and bias 3. Long and boring questionnaire 4. May not represent entire population 5. No national level data and we have to depend on census for it.

Q. Write some examples of administrative records.

è Voters list, records of workers union, citizenship records, telephone directory, school and NGO records etc. are examples of administrative records.

Q. What are demographic components, processes and measures.

è The demographic components, processes and measures are shown in the table below :

Demography
Demographic components	Demographic processes	Demographic measures
Birth	Fertility	Fertility rate
Death	Mortality	Mortality rate
Migration	Migration	Migration rate

Q. Define fertility, mortality and migration. How can they be measured?

è Fertility is a process of giving birth to baby by a woman or it is reproduction.

Mortality refers to the no. of deaths that take place in a particular year.

            Migration is the moving of people from one place to other for employment, infrastructures etc. It is an artificial cause of population change (demographic component).

            Fertility, mortality and migration can be measured in the following ways :

Fertility	Mortality	Migration
Crude birth rate (CBR)	Crude death rate (CDR)	In-migration rate (IMR)
General fertility rate (GFR)		Out-migration rate (OMR)
Age specific fertility rate(ASFR)	Age specific death rate(ASDR)	Net migration rate (NMR)
Total fertility rate (TFR)	Infant mortality rate (IMR)	Gross migration rate (GMR)

Q. Define Rate of National Increase.

è If the population is increased due to the difference of birth rate and death rate (without regarding the migration), it is called rate of natural increase (RNI).

Q. Define Population Growth Rate.

è Population growth is sum of RNI and net migration, it expressed in per cent.

Q. Define Population Doubling Time.

è The tentative time for quite doubling the existing population of a country is called population doubling time (PDT).

Q. Define Dependency Ratio.

è Dependency ratio is the ratio of economically dependent group of population to economically active group of population.

Q. What are the factors affecting birth?

è   Birth is important component mainly related to fertility in the study of population education. There are some factors that affect the birth. They are described below.

Biological factors

Biological factors are those which govern the process of conception and birth.

1. Heredity :

It is said that fecundity and fertility is affected by heredity but there is not a valid proof for this. However, diseases related to reproductive organs are inherited to the offspring’s which affects the fertility.

2. Age :

The women are capable of child bearing only after the start of the ovulation cycle in 14-15 years. The child bearing capacity also varies according to age, 20-24 and 25-29 years are highly fertile. The marriage at early age increases fertility (child birth) and vice-versa. Hence, birth is affected by age.

3. Health :

A healthy person posses high fecundity because they have proper physical development including reproductive system and vice versa.

4. Ovulation :

During the ovulation cycle (menstruation period) the ovaries are released from the ovum and comes to the fallopian tube .If the sexual intercourse takes place at the midpoint of this cycle conception takes place by the fusion male sperm with ovaries. But the conception doesn’t takes place other time.

5. Lactation :

Ovulation cycle in women’s doesn’t occur during the breast feeding period (lactation period) of women due to the contraction of the uterus. This reduces the possibility of contraction. This continues up to at least 6 months, this period is called lactational amenorrhea period. Hence, lactation affects the birth.

6. Miscarriage :

Every fecund women are not capable of giving child birth. They should posses the ability to give child birth, if they don’t posses the capacity to keep the child in their womb miscarriage occurs which causes the death of the fetus in the womb of the mother.

Psychological Factor

1. Virility :

People consider the ability to give birth to many children as the valid proof of their virility and increase of so-called prestige. So, the faster and the more births take place.

2. Parenthood as the feeling of completeness :

Couples are looked with suspicious eyes if they don’t give a birth even after some years of marriage by family, society, neighbor, relatives etc. in such a way that they are infertile. Hence, the couples give birth hurriedly.

3. Continuity of family name :

Desire of son for the continuation of the family name is one of the prominent (main) cause of increase in birth in our country. People keep on giving birth to the child unless a son is given birth although many daughters are given birth earlier which directly affects the birth.

4. Feeling of competition :

Most of the people of our country are illiterate. They still have the sense of competition in bearing child. They compete with the people of the society to bear more children.

Economic Factor

1. More hands, more work :

Nepal is an agricultural country. Majority of the people are engaged in agriculture which needs more labor force. In rural area, parents take children as assistance for domestic works. Therefore, people in Nepal give birth to children for economic point of view.

2. Larger Income :

Rural poor people give economic value to their children and consider their children as the source of income as they can work for extra income. Therefore, in order to increase their income, they desire and give birth to more children.

3. Insurance :

People consider their children as their old age care. The more the children they bear, the higher the chance they get to be cared in their old and inefficient ages. They consider the children as old age support and future insurance.

4. Security :

Most of the villages of our country are away from the public security due to remoteness. Therefore, people of those villages had to maintain their security themselves. If they have large family, they are well-secured and their property is also protected. So, they bear many children with an aim to maintain security.

Socio-cultural factor

1. Children as God’s blessing :

People consider marriage just as way for the procreation of children. People consider children as the gift of god. They consider the child birth to be the blessing of god. In rural areas of our country, there is a saying that “People should be rich in offspring despite economic poverty.” This increases birth.

2. Family structure :

In a large family, child bearing couples don’t feel socioeconomic burden to bring up the child because their children are taken care of by their other relatives within their family. This encourages the couples to give more birth and they also do not feel the necessity of family planning means. Thus, fertility increases.

3. Generational respect :

Guardians and elderly people are respected in our social context due to sociocultural tradition. Those traditions affect the fertility positively and negatively. We should follow their order and pressure. Young couples hesitate and cannot adopt measures of family planning, birth-spacing, few birth, etc. due to their elder people or parents’ pressure despite their desire. This obviously increases birth.

4. Fatalism :

People of our country believe in fate. They consider themselves to be fortunate or lucky if a child is born. This tendency has also caused people to give many births.

5. Taboos :

Some the social practices have directly affected the birth. Some of those are as follows:

è Voluntary abstinence after some period after birth.

è No religious and cultural tradition of widow marriage. (Or Restriction of remarriage for widows.)

è Legal age at marriage.

Q. What are the factors affecting death?

è The factors affecting death are described below :

Biological factors

1. Heredity :

Long life is considered as the effect of heredity which is true to some extent but such longevity depends on surrounding environment where man is born and grown.

2. Sex :

Female live longer than males, it is a worldwide truth. The infant mortality of male is also greater than that of females. This is because of higher immunity power of female than males and also because male population has health risky behaviors (work and substance abuse). Thus, sex affects the death.

3. Senescence (Ageing) :

People are gradually slowed down biologically with increase in age. They is loss of hearing, sight, movement, immunity and capability as man grows old. We die of elderly weakness which is natural process. Thus, senescence affects the death.

Socioeconomic factors

1. Level of nutrition :

The level of nutrition determines how long a person survives. The continuous taking of nutritious diet helps us to maintain good health and prevent us from diseases. Hence, we live long if the nutritious food is taken. This affects the death negatively.

2. Health services and facilities :

Availability of the health services and facilities help to increase the life-span of a human life and vice –versa also holds true. The people of the urban areas have facilitated with good and advance health services which keep them away from disease and infirmity but the people of rural areas are still dieing due to the minor diseases like diarrhea, dysentery, cholera etc. in the absence of health services.

3. Health education :

Health education is a must in the present-day world. It makes us aware about hygienic habit, importance of nutritious food, maintenance of sanitation, regular health checkup etc. In the absence of this knowledge, mortality rate is still high in Nepal. So, death is affected by health education.

Q. What are the factor affecting the migration?

è The factors affecting the migration are as follows:

Demographic Factors

1. Age :

Youths come first in both international and national migration. The reason is they adapt immediately in new place, society and climate. They can shift from one work to another on the basis of their former competence and experience.

2. Sex :

Women are more migratory than men due to marriage in the context of internal migration because our family system is patriarchal and for job whereas men are more migratory for long distance of internal migration and international migration as a worker, Lahure, etc.

Social Factors

1. Marital status :

Due to marriage, women migrate to her husband’s home place. Similarly, young married women also migrate as they are energetic.

2. Political violence :

People do not like to stay where there is political violence and disturbance. They intend to go to the places with politically peace and safe environment. The people of hill are alarmingly migrating towards rather peaceful areas in Terai.

3. Facilities and relatives :

People migrate to the place where they get health services, educational services, transportation and communication and the life is easer. Similarly, people tend to migrate where their relatives have migrated.

Economic Factors

1. Occupation:

People migrate to other places due to the occupation they are involved in or are going to join in. Similarly, civil servant has to migrate if he is transferred.

Q. What are the areas that are affected by migration?

è Migration has greatly affected the growth and geographical distribution of population. Due to heavy influx of migration from origin to destination, population increases in destination and decreases in origin. This trend is increasing annually. The migration is affecting both origin and destination. Following are some of the areas affected by migration.

1. Environmental aspect :

Environment is adversely affected by the migration. Increasing migration rate creates the various problems and they are listed below:

i.                    Destruction of natural means and resources

ii.                  Environmental pollution

iii.                Environmental imbalance

iv.                 Deforestation

v.                   Disappearance of the rare and important animals and vegetation

vi.                 Natural calamities like flood, landslide, drought, excess rain, scanty rain, change in weather, desertification, Increase in environmental  temperature

vii.               Inappropriate use of land (over-cultivation in marginal and sloped land, cultivation without organic fertilizer, overuse of chemical, etc.).

2. Economic aspect :

People are migrating from hilly and Himalayan region to the Terai and from the least developed place to the developed cities and urban areas. This has caused the scarcity of committed, skilled and efficient manpower. The agricultural lands are left barren. The increase in the population of Terai has lead the people to settle in the cultivable land, this has affected the agricultural production of the country. The resources of the place of origin are left unused. The problem of landlessness has increased (sukumbasi). The immigrated man-power, business men and the laborer are found skilled and efficient. Random immigrations of foreigners (especially Indians) has placed obstacle to the skill development and job opportunities to native people. Our national economy is badly affected because they carry the money to their native country.

3. Health and Social aspect :

Majority of the migrated people are educated and male youths have created brain drain in rural and hilly areas. It has put an end to the socioeconomic development; also there is pressure of people in education, health and housing facilities. Over migration has caused unmanaged settlement. The increasing pollution has posed threats to the health of the people. Besides this, it has also caused the problems such as lack of quality education and basic health service and facility, electricity, drinking water and increase in criminal activities like theft, robbery, kidnapping etc. The conflict may occur due to the difference in thinking, attitude, mentality of migrated people differ from the non-migrant local people.

SLC & SEND UP QUESTIONS

Very short questions:

Q. Write one element of population composition.

Q. If the annual population growth rate of a place is one percent, over how many years the population would be doubled?

Q. What is the artificial factor of population change?

Q. In which group children below 15 years of age and the people of 59 years and above are taken as?

Q. Write one reason for not having population increase before 1930 A.D.

Q. How is rate of national increase calculated?

Q. Which date is called 6 billion day?

Q. What is the formula to calculate sex ratio?

Q. Which is the artificial factor of population change?

Q. Write the formula of population doubling time.

Q. Write any one method of census.

Q. Write the formula of crude death rate.

Q. Which country takes various data of life from sample survey?

Q. Under which factor affecting birth is “Lactation” included?

Q. Write the formula of population doubling time.

Q. What percentage of population of Nepal is involved in agriculture according to the population census of 2058 B.S.?

Q. What is the population percentage of Terai region according to the census 2001 AD/2058 BS?

Q. How do you calculate mid-year population?

Q. Which source of population data is sample survey included in?

Q. What type of factor is ‘Virility’ called as a factor affecting birth?

Q. What is the population density of Terai region of Nepal according to 2058 B.S. census?

Q. Which factor can be projected through population growth rate?

Q. When was first census held in Nepal? Write in B.S.

Q. How do we calculate the dependency ratio? Write the formula.

Q. Which age range is regarded as active population in Nepal?

Q. If the annual population growth rate of a place is one percent, over how many years the population will be doubled?

Q. What is collectively organized group called?

Q. How do you out density of population?

Q. What is the meaning of “Demo”?

Q. Which age group does come under active population?

Q. Give the name of any one method of census.

Q. Write down the formula of rate of natural resource.

Q. What is the Population Growth Rate of Nepal according to the census of 2001 AD?

Q. Define In-Migration Rate.

Q. When is the world population day celebrated?

Q. What is dependent population?

Q. When was the first population census held in Nepal?

Q. State the formula to calculate sex ratio.

Q. What is the average population density of Nepal according to the census 2058 B.S.?

Q. What is GMR? How is it calculated? Write its formula.

Q. What are the natural factors of population change?

Q. When was first population census held in Nepal? Write in B.S.

Q. Mention any two elements of population composition.

Q. Write down the formula to calculate the dependency ration.

Q. When did world population reach one billion for the first time?

Q. Write one example of psychological factor affecting birth.

Q. Write the formula of population doubling time.

Q. What information can be gotten from the broad population pyramid?

Q. If the population growth rate of a town is 2.7 percent, in how many years the population of the town will be doubled?

Q. What is sex ratio?

[ NOTE : QUESTIONS ARE COPIED AS IT IS FROM Q.BANK , QUESTIONS MAY BE REPEATED, THIS WILL HELP THE STUDENTS TO KNOW THE DEGREE OF IMPORTANCE OF QUESTIONS]

Long questions:

Q. What is population? Describe in brief about the size of population and growth rate.

Q. List the biological factors which affect birth and describe any two of them in brief.

Q. What is population density? Write any four reasons for high population density in Terai region.

Q. How do ovulation and miscarriage effect birth?

Q. What is census? Which aspects have been included into it?

Q. Write in short any five socio-cultural factors that affect the fertility.

Q. How does psychological element affect in birth? Write down.

Q. Distribution of population is not even in all area. Why? Clarify with appropriate causes.

Q. What are the factors influencing the migration? Mention it.

Q. What is population? Explain why distribution of population is not equal in Nepal.

Q. What is migration? How does migration adversely effect on the social aspect? Write in brief.

Q. What is population density? What messages do we get from population density of different geographical regions?

Q. What is sample survey?

Q. What is crude birth rate? How is it calculated?

Q. Write the reason with examples for unequal distribution of population according to geographical region of Nepal.

Q. What are the factors influencing the migration? Explain with reasons.

Q. Write down the methods of measurement of mortality and define them.

Q. Unplanned settlement has its adverse effect on social and health aspects. Justify the statement.

Q. What is distribution of population? Write any four reasons being high rate of population growth in Terai region.

Q. What is population data? How is population data collected from sample survey method?

Q. What can be the reason for decrease in Nepal’s population prior to the census 1930 AD (1987)?

Q. How do Ovulation and Miscarriage affect birth? Write.

Q. What is Total Fertility Rate? What are the factors data required to calculate it?

Q. Define the migration and write down factors affecting it in brief.

Q. What is dependent population? Mention the formula of calculating dependency ratio with an example.

Q. Why is population distribution unequal in Nepal? Explain.

Q. Discuss the historical development of census.

Q. What does the knowledge of dependent population help? Write with examples.

Q. What is population? Explain why distribution of population is not equal in Nepal.

Q. Describe any five biological factors that affect birth.

Q. Mention the biological factors which affect the birth rate and explain any one of them.

Q. Write short note on:

            a. Census

            b. Sample Survey

Q. Describe the demographic components with examples.

Q. How does migration adversely affect on the social aspects? Write in brief.

Q. Write down any five reasons for uneven distribution of population in Nepal.

Q. What are the sources of population data? List them and describe briefly any one of them.

Q. Give the concept of dependency ratio and calculate dependency ration by applying its formula.

Q. Introduce population and explain population composition by occupation.

Q. List the name of various sources of population data and describe any one of them.

Q. List the type of Population Composition in Nepal and explain Population Composition by Age in short.

Q. Differentiate between the following:

            a. Age specific Fertility Rate and Age Specific Death Rate

            b. Sex Ratio and Dependency Ratio

Q. What is population density? Why is the density of central development region higher than other region? Give reason.

Q. List the biological factors affecting birth and describe any two of them briefly.

Q. Explain population density in short. Differentiate between De-facto and De-jure methods of population census.

Q. List the factors affecting fertility. Give a brief explanation on the areas affected by migration.

Q. Write the reasons with examples for unequal distribution of population according to geographical reasons.

Q. What is meant by taboos? Describe any four physiological factors that affect birth.

Q. What is population? Explain why distribution of population is not equal in Nepal?

Q. Describe any five biological factors that affect birth.

Q. What do you understand by population distribution? Mention any four reasons for unequal distribution of population in Nepal?

Q. “Health and educational aspects are adversely affected by migration”. Do you agree? Give reason.

Q. How has population changed in Nepal from the first to the tenth census? Briefly describle the trend.

Q. List the factors affecting death. Explain any three in detail.

Q. Differentiate between de-facto and de-jure method.

Q. What are the factors affecting birth? Explain any one of them.

Q. What are the major factors responsible for rapid population growth in Nepal?

Q. Why is fertility rate low in highly developed countries?

Numerical :

Q. The population of a certain district of Nepal was 1,50,000 in 2058. Within that year 1,000 people died, 2,000 people out migrated and 1,200 people in migrated. Now find out CDR and GMR.

Q. In the year 2064, in a certain district of Nepal and the mid year population was 1,80,000. In the same year, 1,600 people died, in-migrants were 2,500 and out-migrants were 800. Calculate the crude Death Rate and Gross Migration Rate.

Q. The mid year population of females from 15-49 years of age in certain district of Nepal for 2058 B.S. was 4512. In the same year, the live births given by these female was 2068. Now, calculate the general fertility rate of that place for that year.

Q. If a place has 31 crude birth rate, 9 crude death rate and 2 migration rate then find out the population growth rate and population doubling time.

Q. In any place of Parbat district in 2058 BS age group of women 15-49 were 50,000 and in that year 1000 live birth of babies took place. Find General Fertility Rate of that place.

Q. In year 2055, in a certain district the mid year population was 1,70,000 . In the same year 1500 people dies, in-migrants were 2500 and out-migrants were 800. Calculate the Crude Death Rate and Gross Migration Rate.

Q. What is Crude birth rate? In 2058, population of any one village of our country was 7500 and the number of live births in the year was 300. What was the crude birth rate of that village?

Q. What is sex ratio? What can be the sex Ratio of Nepal for 1991 AD (2048 BS) if the male population that year was 9220974 and female population was 9270123?

Q. Suppose in certain city in the year 2060 BS, the mid-year population was 50,000. In the same year in-migrants were 1500 and out-migrants were 1150 . Calculate the out-migration rate and Net-migration rate.

Q. The mid-year population of Indrayani was 3500 in 2066. Within that year 40 people died and 50 people out-migrated. Now calculate Crude Death Rate (CDR) and out-migration rate (OMR) of that place.

Q. In the town in 2065 BS, 2000 death was observed from the age group of 0-4 years,  and the midyear population of that age group in the town was 40,000 . Find the Age Specific Mortality Rate.

Q. The population of a town was 30278 in 2048 BS. Calculate Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) if the live birth rate in that year was 1533 and Crude Death Rate (CDR) was 15.6 per thousand.

Q. Write about the population situation of Nepal. According to the census 2058, the population of Nepal found to be 2,32,51,423 and growth rate 2.24. Find out the population doubling time.

Q. If a place has 31 crude birth rate, 9 crude death rate and 2 migration rate then find out the population growth rate and population doubling time.

Q. Calculate population growth rate if the CBR of a country was 32, CDR 10 and net migration rate was 25.

Q. What is Mortality? Calculate the Infant Mortality Rate of Dhankuta Bazaar for 2048 B.S. if it had 482 total live births in that year and 93 as infant deaths in the same year.

Q. What is total fertility rate? Find out the total fertility rate on the basis of the following table.

Age Group	Age Specific Fertility Rate
15-19 years	95
20-24 years	286
25-29 years	272
30-34 years	212
35-39 years	151
0-44 years	77
45-49 years	28
Total	?

Q. A city with 15000 population had 7,000 females in 2065 B.S. During the year, 50 babies were recorded from 400 women aged 20-24. If 8,000 active people were there, find:

            a. Sex ratio

            b. Age Specific Fertility Rate

            c. Dependency ratio

Q. In a certain town of Nepal, the population of Baisakh 1^st was 2,50,000 which increased to 3,00,000 by the end of the year immigrants and emigrants of the district were 2,500 and 2,000 respectively in that year now, calculate the mid year population in-migration rate, out-migration rate, net-migration rate and gross-migration rate.

Q. If the crude birth rate of a country was 32, crude death rate was 10 and net migration rate was 5, what would be the population growth rate of that country?

Q. What is sex ratio?

            a. Calculate the sex-ratio of Nepal for 1991 AD if the male population of that year was 9220972 and female population was 9270123.

            b. Differentiate between de-facto and de-jure method.

Q. What is migration? Let 14000 people left Rajbiraj for Kathmandu in 2066 BS. In the year mid year population of Rajbiraj was 80,000. Then what would be the out migration rate?

Q. The population of a town was 75,305 in 1998. Calculate CBR and CDR if there was birth 4504 death and death 2209 in that town in the same year.