Showing posts with label Social Notes. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Social Notes. Show all posts
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Map Of Africa For SLC
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Prime Ministers of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (2008–Present)
| # | Portrait | Name (Born-Died) |
Term of Office | Political Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took Office | Left Office | Days | ||||
| (1) |  |
Girija Prasad Koirala (5/5) (1925–2010) |
28 May 2008 | 18 August 2008 | 83 | Nepali Congress |
| 2 |  |
Prachanda (1954– ) |
18 August 2008 | 25 May 2009 | 280 | Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) |
| 3 |  |
Madhav Kumar Nepal (1953– ) |
25 May 2009 | 6 February 2011 | 622 | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) |
| 4 |  |
Jhala Nath Khanal (1950– ) |
6 February 2011 | 29 August 2011 | 204 | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) |
| 5 |  |
Baburam Bhattarai (1954– ) |
29 August 2011 | 14 March 2013 | 563 | Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) |
| 6 |  |
Khil Raj Regmi (1949– ) |
14 March 2013 | Incumbent | 166 | Nonpartisan |
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A tour report of Kathmandu Durbar Square(Social Tour report model)
Location: The
Katmandu Durbar Square stands in the vicinity of Katmandu valley. It can be
easily reached by public vehicles and it is situated in the heart of the one of
the busiest part of the city. This massive complex is home to palaces, temples
and courtyards. The original center of Kathmandu is often named as Basantapur,
Hanuman Dhoka or Durbar Square all denoting the same location. Kathmandu Durbar
square has various historical royal and governmental institutions mixed with
temples of different styles and ages.
Objectives: Traveling
broadens our mind. It enriches our horizon of knowledge. The things learnt in
books could be well understood by direct observations and many new and
unwritten knowledge and information can be obtained. The major objectives of
our tour were;
- To identify the historical and religious value of Katmandu durbar Square
- To identify the archeological importance of the site.
- To collect information about the various kings who ruled over valley from the Durbar square.
Method of study: • Primary methods: direct
field observation, direct questionnaire, and collection of related expert’s
opinions. We used the most extensive method of data collection Questionnaire.
The people to fill the questionnaire were chosen randomly and they asked to
fill some of the aspect of this. It helped us to uncover the work being done
here.
• Secondary methods: study of related books, journals, news papers.
Different books and the different media were properly searched so that we the
student could get a proper information about the place. The inscriptions were
also studied with the help of the translated writings which became an important
part to discover the ancient site of the kings.
Findings: The
Katmandu Durbar square holds the palaces of the Malla and Shah Kings who ruled
over the city. Along with these palaces, the square also surrounds quadrangles
revealing courtyards and temples. The square is presently known as Hanuman
Dhoka, a name derived from the statue of Hanuman, the devotee of Lord Ram, near
the entrance of the palace. The preference for the construction of the royal
palaces at this site dates back to as early as the Licchavi period in the third
century. Even though the present palaces and temples have undergone repeated
and extensive renovations and nothing physical remains from that period. The
inscriptions in the palace indicate the palace might have been built by Gun
Kama Dev, a king ruling in the late tenth century. The palaces in the square
became the royal palaces for its Malla kings. When Prithivi Narayan shah
invaded the Katmandu valley in 1769, he also favored the Katmandu Durbar Square
as his royal palace. Other subsequent Shah kings continued to rule from the
square until 1896 till they did not move to Narayanhiti Royal Palace However
the square carried the signification of royal coronations, King Birendra in
1975 and King Gyanendra in 2001.
The temples are the chief heritage of
the square. The main temples of the square are Taleju Temple built in Vihara
style with unique Newari culture, Bhagawati temple originally known as Narayan
temple, Jagannath, kotilingeshwor Mahadev, mahendreswara etc.
The Durbar Square not only carries
the religious value but it is equally important open book of history. It has
become a center of tourist attraction and thousands of tourists visit the
palace every year.
Conclusions and recommendations: This very important heritage of Nepal is not getting much
concern from the governmental side. It seems to be neglected. The worn out
colors and rotting woods and its fading features speaks that it is not much
cared. We saw there was no proper management of cleanliness and visitors care.
The government needs to give deep
concern about its cultural and religious value. Timely renovation of the temple
has become very important. The dust and dirt in some places have taken the
place of originality, it should be removed. Publicity and information about the
heritage sites should be made in national and international level to promote
tourism in and around this place.
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Tour Report for SLC (social)
Place/Title of Visit
We the students of standard 10 were
in the tour to the Lumbini where the Buddha was born in around 563 BC. This is
the place situated in the Terai plains of the Southern Nepal. It is famous as
the birthplace of Gautama Buddha and also was the place where King Suddhodan
had ruled. The title of our tour study was "A Historical Tour to
Lumbini". We made the visit on Mangsir 25 2068.
Objective of the study:
Everything that is done has some
specific purpose and this trip like others also has some of the objectives
related to this place. Some of these are as follows:
1. To explore the precise birth place
of Gautama Buddha.
2. To know about the present
condition of Lumbini
3. To identify the role of foreign
countries to endorse Lumbini as a historical place.
Methods of the Study:
We followed the following methods to
collect the details about Lumbini:
• Primary methods: direct field observation, direct questionnaire, collection
of related expert’s opinions. This method used the most used method of data
collecting which is Questionnaire. The people to fill the questionnaire were
chosen randomly and they asked to fill some of the aspect of this. It helped us
to uncover the work being done here.
• Secondary methods: study of related books, journals, news papers. Different
books and the different media were properly searched so that we the student
could get a proper information about the place. The inscriptions were also
studied with the help of the translated writings which became an important part
to discover the ancient site of the kings.
Findings:
Lumbini has been listed as a World
Heritage site by UNESCO; it is being developed with international support as
the place of pilgrimage for the Buddhists. The sacred Garden were Buddha was
born has been covered by the Asoka pillar which carries an inspiration
identifying 'the spot', the birth place. The ancient stupas and monasteries
have been shown in the shape of the screen tree. To one side of the pillar is
the Mayadevi temple which reflects the originality of the ancient pilgrimage.
Recent excavations have turned up a stone bearing foot imprint indicating the
exact place of birth. The Puskarni pond where Queen Mayadevi had taken bath
before giving birth to Buddha lies nearby.
Apart from the global initiative to
endorse Lumbini, many countries have built and some are building temples
monasteries or stupas near the sacred garden in the international monastery
Zone. The shrines, reflecting the architectural traditions of the respective countries
give Lumbini an "international feel" and enhance its massage to universal
friendship and brotherhood. The magnificent Chain temple is a complex of
pagodas, prayer rooms and meditation cells. It is built by China, The Buddhist
Association of China. Across the road, the Dae sung suk Ga SA Korean temple is
also an eye catching figure in this beautiful place. Similarly, a number of
other countries like Japan, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Thailand are also erecting
temples and monasteries.
Conclusion and Recommendation:-
In conclusion, Lumbini is one of the
most significant places of our country. It is a symbol of 'international feel'
and enhancing the message of universal friendship and brotherhood. It might be
the right destination to those who want to explore more facts about the 'Light of
Asia' and peace. From this research as it was also found that all the
contribution that was made for the development of this region was done from the
side of foreigners, it would be a nice treat if the Nepalese would also be involved
to improve the condition of the Lumbini area.
Recommendation:
• A separate governmental department
should be established to preserve and endorse Lumbini area.
• Over-crowd of population should be
controlled around Lumbini area.
• Security should be secured to the
monk, nun and all the visitors.
• Research center should be
established to help all concerned to explore more facts about Gautama Buddha.
• Some information flow programs
should be introduced throughout the nation and abroad as well.
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Delhi Agreement and the end of ranarchy (Social)
Political History of Nepal - SLC notes
DELHI AGREEMENT AND THE
END OF THE RANARCHY.
The cruel Ranas ruled in Nepal
for 104 years. Some of the people were well known about the cruel behavior of
Ranas. These people got organized with each other and formed an army
(liberation army). The liberation army captured the places of Terai like
Bhairahawa, kailali, kanchanpur, Malangwa, Rangeli etc. and formed their own
government. They created awareness among the people about the cruel and
monopoly behavior of the Ranas . They made the people realize about their
rights .They revolted against the Ranas. In this attempt to establish
democracy, some of our nepali brothers namely Sukra raj shastri, Ganga lal shrestha , Dasarath chand and Dharma Bhakta
Mathema were killed by the Ranas. king Tribhuwan also wanted to help the
liberation army . So, he encouraged them for the establishment of democracy in Nepal and also financially help
them. Then, the king asked for asylum in Indian Embassy and flew to India with his
family. Then , the prime minister , Mohan shumsher crowned Gyanendra (the
second grandson of king Tribhuwan). This act was not supported by India and other
countries. At last, the Ranas decided to negotiate with king Tribhuvan and the
leaders of the Nepali congress. Hence, an agreement was done in Delhi, India
between Ranas, King Tribhuwan and the Nepali Congress. So, this agreement is
also known as “tripartite agreement” and also called “Delhi accord”. Finally, On 7th
Falgun 2007 B.S. Nepal was declared as a democratic country.
The major provisions of the Delhi Accord(Agreement) are as follows:
Ø An elected constituent assembly will
frame a democratic constitution within 2 years.
Ø There will remain an interim cabinet
(government) of 10 ministers under the Prime Ministership of Mohan Shumsher of which
5 will be taken from the Nepali congress.
Ø There will be no restriction to open
political organizations. All the political prisoners will be set free and
agitators have to hand over all the weapons to the government and stop the
movement.
POLITICAL EVENTS FROM 2007
TO 2017 B.S.
Major events
Ø 2007-11-17
:
Interim constitution was announced.
Ø 2008-7-25
:
Mohan shumsher was forced to resign following the resignation of all
ministers of congress.
Ø 2008-8-01
:
The king established a new council of 14 ministers under the prime
ministership of Matrika Prasad Koirala.
This cabinet was entrusted with the following responsibilities:
a. To establish an
independent judiciary department.
b. To implement the
civil service effectively.
c. To hold the
election of CA(constituent assembly) within 2009 B.S.
d. To assure the
civil rights of Nepalese.
Ø 2008-10-8
:
Dr. K.I. Singh revolted against the cabinet of M.P. Koirala and after
failing fled to Tibet for refuge.
Ø Bhadra,
2010
:
Bhimdutta Panta revolted against the government. He was killed by the
government.
Ø 2011-11-30
:
King Tribhuwan died in Switzerland. After his death , King Mahendra
became the king of Nepal.
Ø 2012-10-13
:
Tanka Prasad Acharya was appointed PM, but was forced to resign
within 6 months.
Ø 2014-4-11
:
A cabinet was formed under the prime ministership of Dr. K.I. Singh.
Ø 2016-3-16
:
First elected government under the Prime Ministership of B.P. Koirala
was formed with a 22 member cabinet.
Ø 2017-09-01
:
King Mahendra’s direct rule started or Panchayat system started.
DIRECT RULE AND BAN ON
POLITICAL PARTIES
After the election was held on 7th Falgun 2015B.S., the government
of the Nepali Congress was formed under Prime Minister ship of B.P. Koirala
with a 22 member cabinet. But King Mahendra was a very ambitious king and
wanted to rule by himself . He suspended the parliament and imprisoned B.P.
Koirala , all the ministers and all the political leaders. He imposed the
partyless panchayat system and banned all the political parties by accusing
misuse of authority, corruption, anarchy in the nation, athreat to national
unity, political instability, lack of peace and security in Nepal. Many political
leaders fled to India. Many political activist were killed , improsoned or self
exiled. Nepalese had to struggle for 30 years to restore democracy.
POLITICAL EVENTS FROM 2017
TO 2046 B.S.
Major events
Ø Panchayat system start on 1st
Poush 2017 and Panchayat Ministry was formed.
Ø Nepal was divided into 14 zones and 75
districts.
Ø New panchayat based constitution was
promulgated or made on 1st Poush ,2019 B.S.
Ø King Mahendra died of heart attack in
2028 B.S. in Diyalo Bungalow.
Ø Durganand Jha was hanged who threw a bomb
at the King’s car in Janakpur and Arbind Kumar Thakur and Dal Singh Thapa were
jailed for life. Ramnath Dahal, Naraya Shrestha, Netra Ghimire, Biren Rajbanshi
were killed by the Panchayat Government in Sukhani foresh 20258 B.S. Ramlaxman
, Captain Yagya Bahadur Thapa and Bhim Narayan Shrestha were killed by the
Panchayat government because they were involved in the Timburbote incident.
Ratna Kumar Bantawa was shot dead on the bank of the Deumai river of Illam in
2035 B.S. Similarly, Rishi Raj Devkota and Jay Govinda Shah were killed.
Ø Students protested in Kathmandu for the
death of Zulfiakar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan. This movement was against the
Panchayat System.
Ø King Birendra announced the Referendum in
10th Jestha 2036 B.S. and Panchayat system got victory.
Referendum is the process in which the decisions are taken
on the basis of the vote of the public.
Ø Surya Bahadur Thapa was elected as the
Prime Minister in 2038B.S.
Ø Some innocent people including Bir
Bahadur Thami and Ile Thami of Piskar of Sindhupalchowk were killed while they
were taking part in cultural program. This is known as Piskar Assasination.
Ø Lokendra Bahadur chand was appointed the
Prime Minister when Surya Bahadur Thapa received a vote of no confidence.
Ø In 2042 B.S. Marich Man Shrestha was
appointed the Prime Minister.
Ø There were several bomb blasts in
Kathmandu. Corruption, smuggling and other criminal activities increased in the
country.
Ø Samyukta Bam Morcha was established.
Ganeshman Singh was the commander of that movement. Students, teachers,
professors, lawyers, doctors, businessmen and civil servants took part in that
movement .Media also played a vital role in that movement. Panchayat system
tried to suppress the people but they failed.
Ø King Birendra invited Krishna Prasad
Bhattarai, Ganeshman Singh, G.P. Koirala, Sahana Pradhan and R.K. Mainali for
negotiation on 26th Chaitra 2046 B.S. The term ‘partyless’ would be
removed from the constitution . Again democracy was restored in Nepal and the
movement was stopped.
POLITICAL EVENTS FROM 2046
B.S. TO 2063 B.S.
Major events :
Ø An interim government was formed under
the leadership of Krishna Prasad Bhattarai on 16th Jestha 2047 B.S
consisting the members of all political parties that had contributed in the
mass movement 2046 B.S with a task to frame or make a new constitution and
conduct general election.
Ø The constitution was promulgated and
enforced on 23rd karthik 2047 B.S.
Ø The second historical general election
was held in Baisakh 2048 B.S in which the Nepali Congress got the majority.
Ø A government was formed under the Prime
Ministership of Giraja Prasad Koirala.
Ø Because of the castism, favourism,
corruption, dictatorship in the party Mr. G.P Koirala declared mid-term election
in 2051 B.S. where non of the parties achieved the clear majority.
Ø Nepal Communist Party (UML) formed a
minority government under the Prime Ministership of Man Mohan Adhikari. This
government could not achieve any vote of confidence and was dissolved after 9
months. Then a coaliation government was formed under the premiership of Sher
Bahadur Deuba including the Nepali congress, Rastriya Prajatantra Party and
Sadbhavana Party.
Ø Maoist launched its armed people’s war
from 1st Falgun, 2052 B.S. from Rolpa and gradually started to
affect the other parts of the country.
Ø All the members of the Royal family were
massacred in the Royal
Palace on 19th
Jestha 2058. Gyanendra ascended the throne as a new King.
Ø Gyanendra dissolved the parliament on 11th
Jestha, 2059. He dismissed the cabinet of Sher Bahadur Deuba on 18th
Asoj 2059 . He imprisoned all the political leaders and formed a government
under his own chairmanship.
Ø This act was strongly opposed by Nepali
people .
Ø Seven political parties made a 12 point
accord with the maoist and launched the mass movement against the government.
Ø This mass movement started on 24th
Chaitra 2062 B.S and on Baisakh 11 , 2063 the movement stopped when King
Gyanendra returned all executive power to the people. The parliament was
restored.
Ø A government was formed under the Prime
Ministership of Mr. Girija Prasad Koirala with the members of seven political
parties.
Ø The parliament made a decision to conduct
election , talk with the Maoist, drafting of the Interim Constitution.
Ø Seven parties and the Maoist reached at 8
point agreement on 2nd Asar 2063. An extensive peace accord was
signed between seven parties and the Maoists on 5th Mangsir, 2063.
This brought the 10 year people’s war to an end.
Ø An Interim Constitution was announced on
1st Magh, 2063.
Ø Maoist combatants were kept in
cantonments and an interim government of eight parties including Maoist was
formed.
Ø In the constituent assembly election ,
Maoist secured majority (120 seats) and a new government was formed under the
Prime Ministership of Pushpa Kamal Dahal.
